On Board Diagnostics, or OBD, is an automotive term
referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting
capability. OBD systems give the vehicle owner or repair
technician access to the status o
The electronic throttle control (ETC) system consists of the
accelerator-pedal module, the engine control module (ECM), and
the electronic throttle body. The electronic throttle body
mainly consist
Ignition
A spark ignition (SI) engine requires a spark to initiate
combustion in the combustion chamber. Voltage is supplied to the
spark plug where the electricity will arc across a gap at a
volta
General information
WARNING
If you have not fastened your safety belt,
you are in an incorrect seating position, or
you are too close to the airbag system, the
airbag system will not be able to protect
you. This increases the risk of serious or fatal
injuries. Make sure that every vehicle
pa
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
When water is heated in a container (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapo
On Board Diagnostic Systems
