Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
To maintain the decorative appearance of light alloy wheels
for a long time, regular care is necessary.
In particular, road salt and dust from brake abrasion must
be thoroughly washed off every two weeks. Otherwise, the paint
of the light alloy wheel will be attacked.
The following are appropriat
Caution
It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire
pressure monitoring system in the vehicle.
Note
Only vehicles with a tire pressure monitoring system are
equipped with SST tires. This warns the driver when tire
pressure falls below a certain value.
Tire damage and the