Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
The refrigerant circuit was completely empty (for example
with larger leak or cracked hose)
Note
In the event of only a minor leak with slow escape of
refrigerant (e.g. at a small leakage point), the amount of
refrigerant oil lost and the amount of moisture penetrating is
not sufficien
Caution
It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire
pressure monitoring system in the vehicle.
Work on tires with emergency running characteristics (PAX)
must only be performed at skilled facilities.
These have the corresponding trained personnel and necessary
tools available.
PAX