Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
Overview - Oil Pan/Oil Pump
Note
If large quantities of metal shavings or
abraded material are detected during engine repairs, it may mean the
crankshaft or connecting rod bearings are damaged. To prevent damage,
perform the following steps after completing the repair; carefully clean
Approved Refrigerant Oils and Capacities
Note
As PAG (polyalkylene glycol) oil is highly hygroscopic
(attracts water), opened containers are to be immediately
resealed so as to be air-tight.
PAG oil from containers which have been open for a lengthy
period is no longer usable.
Refrige