Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
When water is heated in a container (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapo
Fig. 168 Engine compartment: connectors for a charger or
jump start cables
Observe the safety precautions > General
information, in Battery general information
.
Requirement: only use chargers with a maximum
charging current of 14.8 volts. The battery cables
remain connected.
The charging cabl