Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
Work procedure may vary depending on the type of tools
selected (the tool-specific operating instructions should
therefore be followed).
The refrigerant circuit is to be discharged if parts of the
refrigerant circuit are to be removed, if there is any doubt
about the quantity of refrigerant i
Safety Precautions
Safety Precautions when Working on the High-Voltage System
WARNING
High Voltage Poses Life-Threatening Risk
The high-voltage system is under high-voltage.
Electrocution can cause death or very serious personal
injury.
Individuals with electronic/medical life and healt